Alignment

Follows
Origin [Object]

Define the start of the gradient in space by using another object (start would be the left side of the Gradient setting).
This is optional. If none is defined the constraints position is used as start of the gradient.
Invert

Follows
Intensity (multiplier)

Follows
Direction

The gradients direction in space.
X,Y,Z Axis
Direction is along the X, Y or Z-Axis.
Spherical
Direction is from the center of the Origin outward to the point of interest (so the location in space the caller node is currently processing).
One-sided

Follows
Falloff Distance

The distance which defines the end of the gradient range in space.
So if the origin is at (0,0,0) coordinates, which is the gradient start, and Falloff is set to 100.0 then the end of the gradient range would be at (0,100,0) coordinate; assuming 'Direction' is set to Y-Axis.
Gradient

Defines the gradient from Origin to Falloff Distance.